Pashtoon Art and Culture

The Pashtoon (or Pukhtoon) art and culture is a vibrant reflection of the traditions and history of the Pashtoon people, an ethnic group primarily located in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Spanning thousands of years, their heritage is deeply rooted in a nomadic lifestyle, tribal traditions, and interactions with various civilisations. Influenced by their nomadic lifestyle and tribal customs, Pashtoon art and culture has evolved through interactions with diverse civilisations over the centuries.

The traditional attire of Pashtoon men, known as ‘Perahan wa tunban’, comprises a long shirt and loose pants, often complemented by a vest or coat. Women traditionally wear the ‘Khaista’ or ‘Firaq partug’, consisting of a long shirt, trousers, and a headscarf. Pashtoon women are renowned for their exquisite embroidery skills. The traditional Pashtoon embroidery, known as ‘Pakol,’ features intricate geometric patterns and vibrant colours, showcasing a blend of artistry and cultural pride passed down through generations.

Pashtoon music, characterised by traditional instruments like the rubab, tabla, and harmonium, reflects the soulful essence of Pashtoon culture. The ‘Attan’, a popular Pashtoon dance, is performed at weddings, cultural events, and celebrations, featuring rhythmic movements accompanied by music and singing. The Pashto language is celebrated for its poetic forms, including the landai (two-line poems) and the ghazal (lyric poem). Pashtun literature encompasses poetry, prose, and historical texts, showcasing a rich oral tradition of storytelling and poetic expression.

Moreover, they are renowned for their hearty and flavorful dishes. Popular Pashtun cuisine includes Kabuli pulao (rice dish with meat and spices), Mantu (steamed dumplings), and Chapli kebab (spiced minced meat patty, reflecting a blend of culinary influences from the region.

Pashtoons hold a strong tribal identity, with tribal traditions playing a significant role in their culture. Pashtoonwali (Pakhtoonwali) the traditional code of conduct, emphasises honour, hospitality, and loyalty, serving as a cornerstone of Pashtoon society.

Moreover, they are also skilled in various arts and crafts, including pottery, woodworking, and jewelry making. Traditional Pashtoon crafts feature intricate designs and are crafted using locally sourced materials, showcasing a deep connection to their cultural heritage. Pashtoons celebrate a variety of festivals throughout the year, including Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Nawroz, and Jirga, highlighting their cultural diversity and festive spirit.

The art and culture of the Pashtoon people are a testament to their rich heritage, reflecting a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity that continues to captivate audiences world-wide.

However, like stones thrown at a fruitful tree, this beautiful culture has been plagued by terrorism for decades, which has been a source of mental stress for its beautiful people.

When it comes to respecting women in Pashtoon society, the reality is that women are held in high regard in this culture, but they are also subjected to some degree of strictness. Initially, there was little thought given to women’s education, job, business and empowerment in this culture, but now there has been quite a few positive changes. Women here are progressing in the field of education, and they are involved in every profession, whether it be teaching, medicine, and even politics, law, and journalism.

When it comes to educational curriculum, many Pashtoon social workers here are striving for some changes. These social workers want the educational curriculum for children in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to be in their mother tongue, Pashto, so that Pashtoon culture remains alive in future generations.

It is important to mention that the fabric of Pashtoon culture is being subtly rewoven by the infiltration of numerous negative elements, ushering in a wave of unprecedented transformation. The portrayal of obscenity and nudity in some Pashto dramas and films stands starkly contrary to the essence of Pashtoon ethos as traditionally perceived. Most Pashtoons are vehemently denouncing these productions, viewing them as a distortion to their cultural tapestry.

Various stakeholders, including journalists, social activists, and scholars, have launched concerted efforts to combat this phenomenon. Journalists, utilising the power of media, have highlighted these issues, sparking public discourse and awareness. Social workers have initiated educational and awareness campaigns, aiming to enlighten the masses about the detrimental impacts of such content on society.

Despite these efforts, the industry of obscenity continues to thrive unabated. Without decisive governmental intervention, this trend is poised to persist, further tarnishing the cultural heritage of the Pashtoon people and inciting deep-seated resentment within Pashtoon society.

It is imperative for the government to take concrete actions to stem the tide of this moral decay. Implementing strict regulations and enforcing existing laws can serve as a deterrent to those perpetuating this cultural erosion. Additionally, promoting and supporting authentic Pashtoon art forms and cultural expressions can help in reclaiming the true essence of Pashtoon identity. Only through collective action and unwavering commitment can Pashtoon culture be preserved and safeguarded for future generations.

Last but not the least, Pashtoons are not terrorists, they are peaceful people with high percentage being educated and enlightened, playing significant role in the important sectors of the state.

The writer is our Editorial Assistant and a journalist based in Peshawar.